Permanent Green Deep
21 Permanent Green Deep paints from 13 brands, measured in CIE L*a*b* and compared with Delta E 2000.
Why Permanent Green Deep isn't one colour
Every brand makes its own Permanent Green Deep, and no two are quite the same. They pick different pigments, grind them differently and mix them to their own recipe — so two tubes with the same word on the label can look noticeably different once they are on the paper.
We measured all 21 of them from 13 brands and compared them the way a lab would, using a number called Delta E. It is just a measure of how far apart two colours look to the human eye. Under 2 and almost nobody can tell them apart; over 10 and most people would call them different colours.
Useful when your usual Permanent Green Deep is out of stock and you need the closest substitute, when you are deciding which brand to buy, or when a mix you got right last time will not come out the same again.
How far is each brand from the average?
Every brand's version measured against the average of all 21 paints. Below 2 is imperceptible to most people; above 10 is obviously a different colour.
| Brand | Distance from the average | In practice |
|---|---|---|
| Holbein | Delta E 1.16 | Near-identical |
| Maimeri | Delta E 2.03 | Very close |
| Michael Harding | Delta E 2.46 | Very close |
| Amsterdam | Delta E 2.95 | Very close |
| Lukas | Delta E 3.24 | Very close |
| Sennelier | Delta E 3.38 | Very close |
| Royal Talens | Delta E 3.42 | Very close |
| Williamsburg | Delta E 3.83 | Very close |
| Schmincke | Delta E 3.93 | Very close |
| Winsor & Newton | Delta E 4.44 | Very close |
| Liquitex | Delta E 4.61 | Very close |
| Daler-Rowney | Delta E 5.02 | Noticeably different |
| Atelier | Delta E 6.65 | Noticeably different |
Which brands are interchangeable?
The closest pairs among 78 brand comparisons - swap one for another and most people would not see the difference.
- AmsterdamvsMichael HardingDelta E 1.13Near-identical
- Royal TalensvsWilliamsburgDelta E 1.35Near-identical
- Royal TalensvsSennelierDelta E 1.38Near-identical
- SchminckevsSennelierDelta E 1.60Near-identical
- MaimerivsRoyal TalensDelta E 1.93Near-identical
- Daler-RowneyvsSennelierDelta E 2.07Very close
Which brands are clearly different?
The furthest apart. Same name on the tube, visibly different paint.
- AteliervsDaler-RowneyDelta E 11.41Clearly different
- AteliervsSchminckeDelta E 10.33Clearly different
- AteliervsWilliamsburgDelta E 10.05Clearly different
- AteliervsSennelierDelta E 9.99Noticeably different
- AteliervsRoyal TalensDelta E 9.99Noticeably different
- Daler-RowneyvsLiquitexDelta E 9.21Noticeably different
Pigments used
Brands do not always use the same pigment for the same colour name.
Atelier
Winsor & Newton
Sennelier
Royal Talens, Sennelier, Williamsburg
Liquitex, Michael Harding, Royal Talens
Winsor & Newton
Holbein
Lukas
Daler-Rowney, Liquitex
Schmincke, Sennelier
Amsterdam
Maimeri
Lightfastness
How well the colour resists fading. ASTM I is the most permanent; V is fugitive.
Amsterdam, Atelier, Daler-Rowney, Holbein, Liquitex, Lukas, Maimeri, Michael Harding, Royal Talens, Schmincke, Sennelier, Williamsburg, Winsor & Newton
Opacity
How much the paint covers what is underneath.
Winsor & Newton
Amsterdam, Holbein, Liquitex, Lukas, Maimeri, Schmincke, Sennelier, Winsor & Newton
Amsterdam, Atelier, Daler-Rowney, Liquitex, Michael Harding, Royal Talens, Sennelier, Williamsburg, Winsor & Newton
Brands that make it
Every brand in the database with a Permanent Green Deep. Each links to that brand's full range.
Available in
The kinds of paint this colour is made as.
Every Permanent Green Deep we have measured
All 21 paints, with the measurements the comparisons above are built from.
| Brand | Line | Medium | Hex | L*a*b* | Pigment | Opacity | Lightfastness | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | Expert Series | acrylic | #19734b | 42.7, -35.8, 14.9 | PG7,PY74 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Amsterdam | Standard Series | acrylic | #197332 | 42.3, -40.7, 28.5 | PG7,PY74 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Atelier | A2 Lightfast | acrylic | #056b41 | 39.5, -37.0, 16.4 | PB15, PY74 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Daler-Rowney | Aquafine | watercolor | #378746 | 50.2, -39.1, 27.7 | PG7, PY42 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Holbein | Heavy Body Acrylic | acrylic | #237d41 | 46.2, -40.3, 25.2 | PG36,PY42 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Liquitex | Professional Heavy Body | acrylic | #3e7641 | 44.8, -30.5, 23.6 | PG7, PY42 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Liquitex | Soft Body | acrylic | #006946 | 38.8, -35.4, 12.5 | PG36, PY42 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Lukas | Berlin Water-Mixable Oil | oil | #2d7630 | 43.8, -38.0, 31.5 | PG7, PY3 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Maimeri | Classico | oil | #377d41 | 46.8, -35.7, 26.1 | PY175, PG7, PB15:1 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Michael Harding | Artists Oil Colours | oil | #23733c | 42.7, -37.1, 23.5 | PG36, PY42 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Royal Talens | Rembrandt Oil Colors | oil | #377d34 | 46.6, -37.6, 32.8 | PG36, PY3 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Royal Talens | Van Gogh | watercolor | #378241 | 48.5, -37.8, 28.2 | PG36, PY42 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Schmincke | AKADEMIE Acrylic | acrylic | #238237 | 47.8, -43.8, 32.5 | PG7,PY3 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Sennelier | Abstract Acrylic | acrylic | #237d37 | 46.0, -42.0, 30.4 | PG7,PY3 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Sennelier | Artists' Oil Colors | oil | #3c8241 | 48.6, -36.5, 28.5 | PG36, PY3 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Sennelier | Extra-Fine Acrylique | acrylic | #28823c | 47.9, -42.1, 30.1 | PG7,PY3 | Semi-Opaque | I | |
| Sennelier | l'Aquarelle | watercolor | #378746 | 50.2, -39.1, 27.7 | PG36, PY110 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Williamsburg | Handmade Oil Colors | oil | #377d34 | 46.6, -37.6, 32.8 | PG36, PY3 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Winsor & Newton | Designers Gouache | gouache | #00805c | 47.2, -39.4, 11.2 | PG36, PBk9 | Opaque | I | |
| Winsor & Newton | Galeria | acrylic | #006946 | 38.8, -35.4, 12.5 | PG36, PBk9 | Semi-Transparent | I | |
| Winsor & Newton | Professional Acrylic | acrylic | #007837 | 43.8, -44.2, 27.6 | PG36,PY3 | Semi-Opaque | I |
