Colour reference

Cerulean Blue Hue

28 Cerulean Blue Hue paints from 10 brands, measured in CIE L*a*b* and compared with Delta E 2000.

Why Cerulean Blue Hue isn't one colour

Every brand makes its own Cerulean Blue Hue, and no two are quite the same. They pick different pigments, grind them differently and mix them to their own recipe — so two tubes with the same word on the label can look noticeably different once they are on the paper.

We measured all 28 of them from 10 brands and compared them the way a lab would, using a number called Delta E. It is just a measure of how far apart two colours look to the human eye. Under 2 and almost nobody can tell them apart; over 10 and most people would call them different colours.

Useful when your usual Cerulean Blue Hue is out of stock and you need the closest substitute, when you are deciding which brand to buy, or when a mix you got right last time will not come out the same again.

How far is each brand from the average?

Every brand's version measured against the average of all 28 paints. Below 2 is imperceptible to most people; above 10 is obviously a different colour.

BrandDistance from the averageIn practice
LiquitexDelta E 0.31Near-identical
AtelierDelta E 1.12Near-identical
Winsor & NewtonDelta E 1.51Near-identical
LukasDelta E 1.74Near-identical
SchminckeDelta E 2.12Very close
SennelierDelta E 2.20Very close
HolbeinDelta E 2.43Very close
Daler-RowneyDelta E 4.48Very close
GamblinDelta E 6.00Noticeably different
GoldenDelta E 13.28Clearly different

Which brands are interchangeable?

The closest pairs among 45 brand comparisons - swap one for another and most people would not see the difference.

  • HolbeinvsSchminckeDelta E 0.37Near-identical
  • SchminckevsSennelierDelta E 0.46Near-identical
  • HolbeinvsSennelierDelta E 0.55Near-identical
  • AteliervsLiquitexDelta E 1.19Near-identical
  • SchminckevsWinsor & NewtonDelta E 1.39Near-identical
  • SenneliervsWinsor & NewtonDelta E 1.44Near-identical

Which brands are clearly different?

The furthest apart. Same name on the tube, visibly different paint.

  • GamblinvsGoldenDelta E 19.35Clearly different
  • Daler-RowneyvsGoldenDelta E 17.99Clearly different
  • GoldenvsHolbeinDelta E 16.01Clearly different
  • GoldenvsSennelierDelta E 15.71Clearly different
  • GoldenvsSchminckeDelta E 15.64Clearly different
  • GoldenvsWinsor & NewtonDelta E 14.73Clearly different

Pigments used

Brands do not always use the same pigment for the same colour name.

PB15

Atelier

PB15, PW6

Sennelier

PB15:3, PB29, PG7, PR6

Liquitex

PB15:3, PW4

Holbein

PB15:3, PW6

Daler-Rowney, Golden, Liquitex, Schmincke, Sennelier, Winsor & Newton

PB15:3, PW6, PG7

Lukas

PB15:3,PW6

Holbein, Schmincke, Sennelier, Winsor & Newton

PB15:4, PW6

Sennelier

PB29, PB15.3, PW6, PG7

Atelier

PW4, PB15:4

Gamblin

PW6, PB15:0, PG7

Golden

PW6, PB15:1, PB16

Lukas

PW6, PB15:3

Liquitex

Lightfastness

How well the colour resists fading. ASTM I is the most permanent; V is fugitive.

I

Atelier, Daler-Rowney, Gamblin, Golden, Holbein, Liquitex, Lukas, Schmincke, Sennelier, Winsor & Newton

Opacity

How much the paint covers what is underneath.

Opaque

Atelier, Golden, Holbein, Liquitex, Lukas, Sennelier, Winsor & Newton

Semi-Opaque

Daler-Rowney, Holbein, Liquitex, Schmincke, Sennelier, Winsor & Newton

Semi-Transparent

Atelier, Gamblin

Available in

The kinds of paint this colour is made as.

Closest other colours

If you cannot get this one, these sit nearest to it across the same brands.

Every Cerulean Blue Hue we have measured

All 28 paints, with the measurements the comparisons above are built from.

BrandLineMedium HexL*a*b*PigmentOpacityLightfastness
AtelierA2 Lightfastacrylic#0795d458.3, -10.0, -41.3PB15Semi-TransparentI
AtelierFree Flowacrylic#4d82b052.6, -3.9, -29.7PB29, PB15.3, PW6, PG7OpaqueI
AtelierInteractiveacrylic#2b8dc655.7, -8.3, -37.4PB29, PB15.3, PW6, PG7OpaqueI
Daler-RowneyAquafinewatercolor#5096c859.6, -7.1, -32.4PB15:3, PW6Semi-OpaqueI
GamblinArtist's Oil Colorsoil#4e9bc360.8, -11.8, -27.8PW4, PB15:4Semi-TransparentI
GoldenHeavy Bodyacrylic#006d9d43.3, -8.0, -33.2PB15:3, PW6OpaqueI
GoldenHeavy Bodyacrylic#00619639.2, -3.5, -35.6PW6, PB15:0, PG7OpaqueI
GoldenSoFlatacrylic#006d9d42.4, -12.9, -34.9PB15:3, PW6OpaqueI
HolbeinAcryla Gouachegouache#3e94c358.2, -10.8, -31.9PB15:3, PW4OpaqueI
HolbeinHeavy Body Acrylicacrylic#2891c857.0, -10.2, -36.6PB15:3,PW6Semi-OpaqueI
HolbeinMat Acrylicacrylic#4b91c357.7, -6.8, -32.5PB15:3,PW6Semi-OpaqueI
LiquitexBasicsacrylic#4191c357.4, -8.6, -33.1PW6, PB15:3OpaqueI
LiquitexProfessional Heavy Bodyacrylic#2d8cbe55.1, -10.3, -33.9PB15:3, PB29, PG7, PR6Semi-OpaqueI
LiquitexSoft Bodyacrylic#2382b951.6, -7.5, -36.4PB15:3, PW6Semi-OpaqueI
Lukas1862 Artists' Oiloil#2a8ab954.2, -11.3, -32.4PW6, PB15:1, PB16OpaqueI
LukasBerlin Water-Mixable Oiloil#2a8ab954.2, -11.3, -32.4PB15:3, PW6, PG7OpaqueI
SchminckeAKADEMIE Acrylicacrylic#2d8cc355.3, -8.6, -36.3PB15:3,PW6Semi-OpaqueI
SchminckeHoradam Aquarellwatercolor#4b96c359.2, -9.6, -30.2PB15:3, PW6Semi-OpaqueI
SennelierAbstract Acrylicacrylic#328cc355.5, -7.9, -36.1PB15:3,PW6Semi-OpaqueI
SennelierArtists' Oil Colorsoil#3791c357.1, -10.1, -33.6PB15:3, PW6OpaqueI
SennelierExtra-Fine Acryliqueacrylic#4196cd59.3, -8.0, -35.8PB15:3,PW6Semi-OpaqueI
SennelierGouachegouache#4691c357.5, -7.7, -32.8PB15, PW6OpaqueI
SennelierRive Gaucheoil#4191c357.4, -8.6, -33.1PB15:4, PW6OpaqueI
Winsor & NewtonArtisan Water Mixable Oiloil#2391c856.9, -10.6, -36.8PB15:3, PW6OpaqueI
Winsor & NewtonCotman Watercolourwatercolor#3494ca58.2, -9.8, -35.8PB15:3, PW6Semi-OpaqueI
Winsor & NewtonGaleriaacrylic#2382b951.6, -7.5, -36.4PB15:3, PW6Semi-OpaqueI
Winsor & NewtonProfessional Acrylicacrylic#2391c856.9, -10.6, -36.8PB15:3,PW6OpaqueI
Winsor & NewtonWinton Oil Colouroil#3494ca58.2, -9.8, -35.8PB15:3, PW6OpaqueI
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